Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) integrate active and passive photonic functions such as lasers, modulators, waveguides, and detectors on a single chip, forming the foundation for highly integrated, energy-efficient, and scalable systems in data centers, cloud infrastructures, AI clusters, and high-speed networks.

With increasing data rates, higher channel densities, and growing levels of integration, fiber-to-chip and chip-to-chip coupling have become key focus areas. The optical interfacing of external fibers, laser sources, or optical engines with PICs imposes stringent requirements on beam shaping, alignment tolerances, coupling efficiency, and long-term stability. Precision micro-optics and lens arrays are critical enablers for high-performance, volume-ready PIC solutions.